Postbox was able to connect to it without any problem.
I’d say you were lucky it worked.
Google don’t allow most third party apps and services when you have Google Advanced Protection enabled.
.
See Google support page on Google advanced protection with third party apps.
“If you get an error that says “400 policy_enforced,” your Google Account may be part of the Advanced Protection Program. To help protect your account, this security feature doesn’t let most third-party apps or services access your Google Account data”.
"What can you do about this error?
“To fix this error, you must opt out of the Advanced Protection Program”.
Google made it available only to Apple apps and Thunderbird as far as I know. And as PostBox is Thunderbird, it was available there. Google does not allow other apps to use the Advanced protection, so we cannot use it, even if we wanted to.